Teratoma classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]

Classification

  • GCTs arise from primordial germ cells, which migrate during embryogenesis from the yolk sac through the mesentery to the gonads.[4,5] Childhood extracranial GCTs can be divided into the following two types:
  • Gonadal.
  • Extragonadal.
  • Most childhood extragonadal GCTs arise in midline sites (i.e., sacrococcygeal, mediastinal, and retroperitoneal); the midline location may represent aberrant embryonic migration of the primordial germ cells.
  • Childhood extracranial GCTs are broadly classified as the following:
  • Mature teratomas.
  • Immature teratomas.
  • Malignant GCTs.
  • GCTs comprise a variety of histologic diagnoses and can also be divided into the following histologic types:
  • Germinoma.
  • Germinoma.
  • Dysgerminoma (ovary).
  • Seminoma (testis).
  • Nongerminoma.
  • Teratoma (mature and immature).
  • Yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor).

Choriocarcinoma. Embryonal carcinoma. Gonadoblastoma. Mixed GCT (contains more than one of the histologies above).


References