Teratoma classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]
Classification
- 1. World Health Organization classification of CNS teratoma[1]
- Teratoma.
- Immature.
- Mature.
- Teratoma with malignant transformation.
- 2. Childhood Extracranial teratoma classification
- 2.1 GCTs arise from primordial germ cells, which migrate during embryogenesis from the yolk sac through the mesentery to the gonads.[2][3] Childhood extracranial GCTs can be divided into the following two types:
- Gonadal.
- Extragonadal.
- 2.2 Most childhood extragonadal teratoma arise in midline sites (i.e., sacrococcygeal, mediastinal, and retroperitoneal); the midline location may represent aberrant embryonic migration of the primordial germ cells.Childhood extracranial teratoma are broadly classified as the following:
- Mature teratomas.
- Immature teratomas.
- 2.3 Pediatric GCT Biology
- The following biologically distinct subtypes of GCTs are found in children and adolescents:
- Testicular GCTs.
- Ovarian GCTs.
- Extragonadal extracranial GCTs.
- 3. Cellular Classification of Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors
-
- Teratoma.
- Immature.
- Mature.
- Solid.
- Cystic.
- Dermoid cyst (mature cystic teratoma).
- Dermoid cyst with malignant transformation.
- Monodermal and highly specialized.
- Struma ovarii.
- Carcinoid.
- Struma ovarii and carcinoid.
- Others (e.g., malignant neuroectodermal and ependymoma).
- Teratoma.
- 4.3 Malignant mixed germ cell tumor (showing more than one histologic pattern):
- Embryonal carcinoma and teratoma with or without seminoma.
- Yolk sac tumor and teratoma with or without seminoma.
References
- ↑ Matsutani M, Sano K, Takakura K, Fujimaki T, Nakamura O, Funata N; et al. (1997). "Primary intracranial germ cell tumors: a clinical analysis of 153 histologically verified cases". J Neurosurg. 86 (3): 446–55. doi:10.3171/jns.1997.86.3.0446. PMID 9046301.
- ↑ Dehner LP (1983). "Gonadal and extragonadal germ cell neoplasia of childhood". Hum Pathol. 14 (6): 493–511. PMID 6343221.
- ↑ McIntyre A, Gilbert D, Goddard N, Looijenga L, Shipley J (2008). "Genes, chromosomes and the development of testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults". Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 47 (7): 547–57. doi:10.1002/gcc.20562. PMID 18381640.
- ↑ Gershenson DM (1993). "Update on malignant ovarian germ cell tumors". Cancer. 71 (4 Suppl): 1581–90. PMID 8381708.
- ↑ Serov SF, Scully RE, Robin IH: International Histologic Classification of Tumours: No. 9. Histological Typing of Ovarian Tumours. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1973.
- ↑ Woodward PJ, Heidenreich A, Looijenga LHJ, et al.: Germ cell tumours. In: Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI, et al.: Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2004, pp 221-49.
- ↑ Ulbright TM, Berney DM: Testicular and paratesticular tumors. In: Mills SE, Carter D, Greenson JK, et al., eds.: Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010, pp 1944-2004.
- ↑ Bosi GJ, Feldman DR, Bajorin DE, et al.: Cancer of the testis. In: DeVita VT Jr, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA: Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, pp 1280-1301