Hepatocellular carcinoma risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of hepatocellular carcinomaare are chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and inherited metabolic diseases.
Common Risk Factors
Common risk factors that may increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma are:
- Chronic hepatitis B
- Chronic hepatitis C
- Cirrhosis
- Inherited metabolic diseases such as hemochromatosis, tyrosinemia, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, porphyria cutanea tarda, glycogen storage diseases, and Wilson disease.
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Less Common Risk Factors
Less common risk factors that may increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma are:
- Anabolic steroids
- Arsenic
- Vinyl chloride and thorium dioxide
- Obesity
- Food infected with Aspergillus flavus (especially peanuts and corns stored during prolonged wet seasons), which produces aflatoxin