Multiple myeloma history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The presenting symptoms of multiple myeloma may vary greatly due to involvement of many organ systems. A mnemonic sometimes used to remember the common tetrad of multiple myeloma is CRAB - C = Calcium (elevated), R =Renal failure, A = Anemia, B = Bone lesions.[1]
History
- Early multiple myeloma does not have any symptoms.
- In as many as 30-40% cases the diagnosis may be incidental and is often diagnosed on routine blood screening.
- A rise in total protein levels without a concomitant rise in albumin levels must make the physician suspicious for a possibility of multiple myeloma.
- As the tumor grows larger people may notice one or more of the symptoms.
Common Symptoms
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- Usually involves the spine and ribs, and worsens with activity.
- Persistent localized pain may indicate a pathological bone fracture
- Neurological symptoms
- Numbness
- muscle weakness
- Confusion
- Dizziness
- Headache
- visual changes
- Edema in legs
- Bleeding
- Recurrent infections
References
- ↑ International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol 2003;121:749-57. PMID 12780789.