Multiple myeloma physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Multiple myeloma affects not only the bone marrow, but also spreads to other organ systems. This therefore, requires a detailed assessment of various organ systems. A number of times, any of these physical findings may warrant a further evaluation, and thus leads to an incidental diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Pallor, purpura, signs of cord compression, hepatosplenomegaly, bony pain without tenderness and carpal tunnel syndrome are some of the most common physical findings, in a patient presenting with multiple myeloma.
Physical Examination
General appearance
Vital Signs
- Low-grade fever
Cardiovascular
- Cardiomyopathy
Abdomen
Skeletal
Skin
HEENT
- Conjuctival pallor
- Lymphadenopathy
- Visual defects
- Exudative macular detachment
- Retinal haemorrhage
- Increased fat around the neck
- Cotton-wool spots
- Shoulder pad sign - Fat deposition around shoulders.
CNS
- Altered sensation
- Dermatomal sensory loss
- Polyeuropathy