Multiple myeloma history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The most common symptoms of multiple myeloma include fatigue, pallor, and bone pain. However, the presenting symptoms of multiple myeloma may vary greatly due to involvement of many organ systems. The common symptoms of multiple myeloma can be remembered by the mnemonic CRAB - C = Calcium (elevated), R =Renal failure, A = Anemia, B = Bone lesions.[1]
History
- Early multiple myeloma does not have any symptoms.
- In as many as 30-40% cases the diagnosis may be incidental and is often diagnosed on routine blood screening.
- A rise in total protein levels without a concomitant rise in albumin levels must make the physician suspicious for a possibility of multiple myeloma.
- As the tumor grows larger people may notice one or more of the symptoms.
Common Symptoms
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- Usually involves the spine and ribs, and worsens with activity.
- Persistent localized pain may indicate a pathological bone fracture
- Neurological symptoms
- Numbness
- muscle weakness
- Confusion
- Dizziness
- Headache
- visual changes
- Hypercalcemia
- Polyurea
- Polydypsia
- Constipation
- Bleeding
- Recurrent infections
References
- ↑ International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol 2003;121:749-57. PMID 12780789.