Meningioma overview
|
Meningioma Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Meningioma overview On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Meningioma overview |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Meningiomas are relatively common neoplasm of the central nervous system that arises from arachnoidal cells which are normally involved in the protection of the central nervous system by forming a thick envelope of meninges around the brain and spinal cord.[1][2][3] Meningioma may be classified according to the histological criteria of the WHO into 3 groups: benign classic meningioma (WHO grade 1), atypical meningioma (WHO grade 2), and anaplastic malignant meningioma (WHO grade 3). Meningioma may also be classified according to the tumor location into 2 main subtypes: intradural and extradural meningioma.[4][5] The majority of meningiomas are benign.[1][2][3] Development of meningioma is the result of multiple genetic mutations.[1] On gross pathology, a gray, well-circumscribed, dome-shaped mass is a characteristic finding of meningioma.[1] On microscopic histopathological analysis, whorled appearance, calcification, and psammoma bodies are characteristic findings of of meningioma.[6] There are no known direct causes for meningioma.[7] Common risk factors in the development of meningioma are history of radiation treatment, inherited nervous system disorder, and female gender.[1][8][9] The incidence of meningioma is approximately 7.62 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[10] The prevalence of meningioma was estimated to be 97.5 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[9] Meningiomas may appear at any age, but are most commonly noticed among patients older than 50 years of age.[1] Females are more commonly affected with meningiomas than males.[9] Meningioma usually affects individuals of the african american race. Caucasian and latin american individuals are less likely to develop meningioma.[9] There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for meningioma. Meningioma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause similar symptoms such as schwannoma, hemangiopericytoma, and solitary fibrous tumor.[11]
the majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur; they have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and spinal canal. Meningiomas are the most common benign tumors of the brain (95% of benign tumors). However they can also be malignant. They arise from the arachnoidal cap cells of the meninges and represent about 15% of all primary brain tumors. They are more common in females than in males (2:1) and have a peak incidence in the sixth and seventh decades. Most cases are sporadic while some are familial. There has been some evidence that persons who have undergone radiation to the scalp are more at risk for developing meningiomas. The most frequent genetic mutations involved in meningiomas are inactivation mutations in the neurofibromatosis 2 gene (merlin) on chromosome 22q.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Meningioma. Canadian Cancer Society http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/brain-spinal/brain-and-spinal-tumours/meningioma/?region=mb September, 25th 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Meningeoma. Radiopaedia(2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningioma Accessed on September, 25th 2015
- ↑ Meningioma diagnosi. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#History_and_nomenclature Accessed on September, 25th 2015
- ↑ Meningioma. Liberpathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Quick_overview Accessed on September, 25th 2015
- ↑ Meningioma. Liberpathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Quick_overview accessed on September, 25th 2015
- ↑ Meningiom. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September, 25th 2015
- ↑ Risk factors for brain and spinal cord cancer. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/brain-spinal/risks/?region=mb Accessed on September, 25th 2015
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Wiemels J, Wrensch M, Claus EB (2010). "Epidemiology and etiology of meningioma". J Neurooncol. 99 (3): 307–14. doi:10.1007/s11060-010-0386-3. PMC 2945461. PMID 20821343.
- ↑ Dolecek TA, Dressler EV, Thakkar JP, Liu M, Al-Qaisi A, Villano JL (2015). "Epidemiology of meningiomas post-Public Law 107-206: The Benign Brain Tumor Cancer Registries Amendment Act". Cancer. 121 (14): 2400–10. doi:10.1002/cncr.29379. PMID 25872752.
- ↑ Meningioma. Liberpathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Gross.2FRadiology Accessed on September, 25th 2015