Carcinoid syndrome risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

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Common risk factors in the development of carcinoid syndrome include age (50 years or older), gender (female), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) syndrome, atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of carcinoid syndrome include:

• Age (50 years or older)
• Gender (female)
• Family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome or neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) syndrome.
• Atrophic gastritis
• Pernicious anemia
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome