Carcinoid syndrome classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Overview

Carcinoid tumor of the gastrointestinal tract may be classified based on the location into three subtypes (foregut, midgut, or hindgut). Carcinoid tumor of the lung may be classified based on the histology into two subtypes (typical and atypical). Carcinoid tumor of the ovary may be classified into four subtypes (insular, trabecular, strumal, and mucinous type).

Classification

1. Carcinoid tumor in the gastrointestinal tract

Carcinoid tumor of the gastrointestinal tract may be classified based on the tumor location in the primitive gut into three subtypes:

• Foregut carcinoid tumors
• Midgut carcinoid tumors
• Hindgut carcinoid tumors

2. Carcinoid tumor in the lung

Based on the histology

Carcinoid tumor of the lung may be classified based on the histology into two subtypes:

• Typical carcinoid tumors of the lung:

• More common
• Low grade / well differentiated

• Atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung:

• Less differentiated

• More aggressive

Based on the location

Carcinoid tumor of the lung may be classified based on the location into two subtypes:

• Bronchial carcinoid tumors: central lesions
• Peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumors: peripheral lesions

3. Carcinoid tumor in the ovary

Carcinoid tumor of the ovary may be classified into four subtypes:

• Insular type (most common and and the only type that is associated with the carcinoid syndrome)
• Trabecular type
• Strumal type(second commonest type)
• Mucinous type (goblet cell)