Bladder cancer risk factors

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Bladder cancer risk factors

Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of bladder cancer are smoking, occupational exposure to chemicals, chronic bladder irritation, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, arsenic, personal history of cancer in the urinary tract, congenital bladder anomalies, and aristolochic acids.

Risk Factors

Common Risk Factors

• Smoking
• Occupational exposure to chemicals

• Textiles
• Rubber
• Paint
• Leather
• Dye
• Print
• Metal
• Machining
• Plastics
• Transportation

• Chronic bladder irritation

• Inflammation

• Chronic urinary tract infection
• Bladder stones
• Schistosoma haematobium

• Trauma

• Chemotherapy

• Cyclophosphamide
• Ifosfamide

• Radiation therapy
• Arsenic
• Personal history of cancer in the urinary tract
• Congenital bladder anomalies

• Urachus
• Exstrophy

• Aristolochic acids

Less Common Risk Factors

• Chlorine by-products
• Genetics

• HRAS mutation
• Rb1 mutation
• PTEN/MMAC1 mutation
• NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype
• GSTM1 null phenotype

• Overuse of analgesics
• Outdoor air pollution