Ewing's sarcoma overview
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Ewing's sarcoma Microchapters |
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Ewing's sarcoma overview On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Michael Maddaleni, B.S.
Overview
Ewing's sarcoma is the common name for primitive neuroectodermal tumor. It is a rare disease, and until recently, it had a very low long term survival rate. It is a small round-cell tumor in which cancer cells are found in the bone or in soft tissue (rarer). The most common areas in which it occurs are the pelvis, the femur, the humerus, and the ribs.
Classification
There is no classification system established for Ewing sarcoma.
Pathophysiology
Ewing sarcoma may occur anywhere in the body, but most commonly in the pelvis and proximal long tubular bones. The pathogenesis of Ewing sarcoma include t(11;22) chromosomal translocation. On microscopic histopathological analysis, presence of small round cells that have a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, vacuolated cytoplasm, and faded boundaries are characteristic findings of Ewing sarcoma.
Causes
There are no established causes for Ewing sarcoma.
Differential Diagnosis
Ewing sarcoma must be differentiated from osteosarcoma, hematological malignancy, eosinophilic granuloma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma.