Sandbox: prognosis

• The table below lists prognostic factors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia:

Prognostic Factor	Description
Gender	Males are associated with a worse prognosis
Stage	Binet stages B and C or Rai stages II–IV are associated with a worse prognosis
Lymphocyte doubling time	Deletion of chromosome 17 short arm is associated with a worse prognosis
Genetic mutations	Deletion of chromosome 17 short arm is associated with a worse prognosis
Histological analysis	Diffuse histology on bone marrow aspiration is associated with a worse prognosis
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level	Elevated levels of LDH is associated with a worse prognosis
Lymphocyte surface marker	Positive expression of CD38 is associated with a worse prognosis
Immunoglobulin (Ig)VH gene	The absence of VH gene mutation is associated with a worse prognosis
Membrane-bound proteins	The expression of Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP)is associated with a poor prognosis