Chronic lymphocytic leukemia natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Natural History
The clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia varies widely from patient to patient. Some patients die early because of complications, but most patients survive for 5 - 10 yrs. The course of the disease is benign initially but followed by terminal, progressive and resistant phase which lasts for 1 - 2 yrs.
Complications
- Hypogammaglobulinemia leading to recurrent infection.
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia - IgG type
- Transformation to high grade lymphoma
- Richter's transformation
- Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement - intussusception, small intestinal bacterial contamination, and colitis
- Increased risk of other cancers - melanoma, lung, and gastrointestinal cancers
Prognosis
- Common prognostic factors for meningioma chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients age, tumor stage, and the presence of certain genetic mutations.
- The table below lists prognostic factors for chronic lymphocytic leukemia:[1][2]
Prognostic Factor | Description |
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Age |
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Gender |
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Performance status |
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Stage |
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Lymphocyte doubling time |
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Genetic mutations |
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Prolymphocytes percent |
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Histological analysis |
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Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level |
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β2-microglobulin level |
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Lymphocyte surface marker |
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Immunoglobulin (Ig)VH gene |
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Membrane-bound proteins |
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References
- ↑ Nabhan C, Rosen ST (2014). "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a clinical review". JAMA. 312 (21): 2265–76. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.14553. PMID 25461996.
- ↑ Hoffbrand V, Moss P. Essential Haematology. John Wiley & Sons; 2011