Chronic myelogenous leukemia laboratory tests

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2]

Overview

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia include leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and anemia.

Laboratory Findings

Laboratory findings associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia include:

• Complete blood count

• Increased granulocytes of all types, especially basophils and eosinophils
• Thrombocytopenia
• Anemia

• Blood chemistry

• The following blood levels may be elevated:

• Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
• Creatinine
• Phosphate
• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
• Aspartate transaminase (AST)
• Uric acid

• Bleeding and clotting factor

• The following blood levels may be elevated:

• Prothrombin time (PT) or international normalized ratio (INR)
• Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

• Cytochemistry

• Cytochemistry helps determine the type of cells that are present

• Flow cytometry

• Flow cytometry helps determine the type of cells that are present

• Cytogenetics

• Chromosome changes that may occur in some people with leukemia include:

• Translocations
• Inversions
• loss or gain of a chromosome number

• Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

• Similar to cytogenetics, but more specific

• Polymerase chain reaction

• Helpful to detect specific abnormalities in blood or bone marrow cells. Abnormalities can be found even if very few leukemia cells are present in a tissue sample.

Gallery

• 
  Blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Peripheral blood smear revealing the histopathologic features indicative of a blast crisis in the case of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
• 
  A photomicrograph of leukemia cells using Direct Fluorescent Antibody staining technique (DFA).

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