Ovarian germ cell tumor MRI
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]
Overview
Pelvic MRI may be diagnostic of ovarian germ cell tumor. The MRI findings of endometrial cancer vary according to the stage of the disease and may include presence of localized tumor, invasion to surrounding structures, large pelvic nodes in nodal involvement, and tumors of distant metastasis.[1]
Pelvic MRI
Dysgerminomas
- tumors are often seen divided into lobules by septa
- Reported signal characteristics include:
- T2: the septae are often hypointense or isointense 3 T1 C+ (Gd): the septae often show marked enhancement
Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma
- MR evaluation usually tends to be reserved for difficult cases, but is exquisitely sensitive to fat components
- Both fat suppression techniques and chemical shift artefact can be used to confirm the presence of fat
- Enhancement is also able to identify solid invasive components, and as such can be used to accurately locally stage malignant variants
Immature ovarian teratoma
- The presence of a prominent solid component containing calcifications and small foci of fat is suggestive. Cystic components may contain serous, mucinous, or fatty sebaceous material
- Haemorrhage may be present
Ovarian yolk sac tumor
- They can be associated with prominent signal voids on MRI
- Areas of haemorrhage can also be seen
Ovarian choriocarcinoma
- On imaging, choriocarcinomas appear as vascular solid tumors with cystic, haemorrhagic, and necrotic areas