Ovarian germ cell tumor ultrasound

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]

Overview

On transvaginal ultrasound, endometrial cancer is characterized by thickening of the endometrium and disruption of a subendometrial halo.

Dysgerminomas^[1]

May be seen as a septated ovarian mass with varying echotexture. Colour Doppler interrogation may show prominent flow signal within the fibrovascular septa.

Ovarian dermoid^[2]

Ultrasound is the preferred imaging modality. Typically an ovarian dermoid is seen as a cystic adnexal mass with some mural components. Most lesions are unilocular.
The spectrum of sonographic features includes:
Diffusely or partially echogenic mass with posterior sound attenuation owing to sebaceous material and hair within the cyst cavity
Echogenic interface at the edge of mass that obscures deep structures: the tip of the iceberg sign
Mural hyperechoic Rokitansky nodule: dermoid plug
Echogenic, shadowing calcific or dental (tooth) components
Presence of fluid-fluid levels
Multiple thin, echogenic bands caused by hair in the cyst cavity: the dot-dash pattern
Colour Doppler: no internal vascularity
Internal vascularity requires further workup to exclude a malignant lesion

Immature ovarian teratoma^[3]

Ultrasound appearance can be as a heterogeneous adnexal mass although is non-specific. Calcifications may be present

Ovarian yolk sac tumour^[4]

The tumour typically manifests as a large, complex pelvic mass that extends into the abdomen and contains both solid and cystic components
The cystic areas are composed of epithelial lined cysts produced by the tumour or of co-existing mature teratomas
Bilaterality is rare.
Tends to have both echogenic and hypoechoic components.

Ovarian choriocarcinoma^[5] On imaging, choriocarcinomas appear as vascular solid tumours with cystic, haemorrhagic, and necrotic areas.

↑ Ovarian dysgerminoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
↑ Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/mature-cystic-ovarian-teratoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
↑ Immature ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/immature-ovarian-teratoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
↑ Ovarian yolk sac tumour. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-yolk-sac-tumour. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
↑ Ovarian choriocarcinoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-choriocarcinoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015