Ovarian germ cell tumor epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]
OGCTs are rare tumors, accounting for 2% to 3% of all ovarian cancers and develop usually in young women. The median age for diagnosis is 16 to 20 (range 6 to 40 years).1 Ethnic and racial differences have been noted in an analysis extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, with increased incidence of OGCTs among pediatric black females compared with black males and among Hispanic girls age 10-19 compared with non-Hispanic girls.2 Interestingly, a case-cohort study from the Children's Oncology Group that included 274 cases (195 OGCT and 79 testicular cancers) showed an inverse association between family history of ovarian or uterine cancers and GCT in girls (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.22-0.96).3
Dysgerminoma is the female equivalent of seminoma and represents the most common OGCT.5 Five to 10% are associated with gonadoblastomas and develop in patients who are sexually mal-developed. Dysgerminoma is the most common OGCT in young adult women whereas yolk sac tumor is the most common histology in younger pediatric and adolescent women.