Ovarian germ cell tumor overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]
Classification
Ovarian germ cell tumor may be classified into 7 subtypes based on histology.[1]
Pathophysiology
It is difficult to distinguish subtypes of ovarian germ cell tumor on gross pathology alone. The majority of ovarian germ cell tumors have a solid and cystic appearance with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. On microscopic pathology, ovarian germ cell tumors may be characterized by a uniform “fried egg” appearance (dysgerminoma), presence of Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor), presence of embryonic-like neural, GI, and/or cartilaginous tissue (teratoma), or mixed histopathological features (embryonal cell carcinoma).
Epidemiology and Demographics
Ovarian germ cell tumor are rare tumors, accounting for 2% to 3% of all ovarian cancers. The median age for diagnosis is 16 to 20 (range 6 to 40 years)[2]
Risk Factors
Abnormal gonads (due to gonadal dysgenesis and androgen insensitivity syndrome) have a high risk of developing a dysgerminoma.[3]
References
- ↑ Cellular Classification of Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors. http://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/hp/ovarian-germ-cell-treatment-pdq#section/_. URL Accessed on November 4, 2015
- ↑ Updates in the Management of Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors. http://meetinglibrary.asco.org/content/31-132. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ Kliegman, Robert (2011). Nelson textbook of pediatrics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4377-0755-7.