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Altered mental status




Acute intermittent porphyria, Adrenal leukodystrophy, Citrullinemia type 2, Cope's syndrome , Coproporphyria, hereditary, Folate deficiency, Hyperammonemia , Hypercalcaemia, Hyperglycemia, Hypermagnesemia, Hypernatremia, Hypocalcaemia, Hypoglycaemia, Hypokalaemia, Hypomagnesemia, Hyponatraemia, Korsakoff syndrome, Lipid storage diseases, Niacin deficiency, Pellagra, Porphobilinogen synthase deficiency, Starvation,

Wilson's disease Wernicke's encephalopathy Vitamin B12 deficiency [[Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency] Niacin deficiencies, Folate deficiency, Acute intermittent porphyria Starvation





Altered mental status has varying time courses and degrees of severity. Acute changes in mental status are usually secondary to delirium, stupor, and coma, which are forms of acute brain dysfunction. These changes occur over a period of hours or days and are usually precipitated by an underlying medical illness that is potentially life threatening. Chronic alterations in mental status (e.g. dementia) occur over a period of months and years and are less likely to be precipitated by a life-threatening illness. For these reasons, acute changes in mental status will be the focus of this review. Altered mental status is rarely caused by psychiatric illnesses such as depression or schizophrenia, and in elder patients, these should be diagnoses of exclusion. Acute brain dysfunction (delirium, stupor, and coma) and their underlying etiology should be ruled out prior to considering any psychiatric diagnoses, especially in patients without a previous history of psychiatric illness.

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