Myelodysplastic syndrome overview
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Differentiating Myelodysplastic syndrome from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nawal Muazam M.D.[2]
Overview
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS, formerly known as "preleukemia") are a diverse collection of hematological conditions united by ineffective production of blood cells and varying risks of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia. Anemia requiring chronic blood transfusion is frequently present. Although not truly malignant, MDS is nevertheless classified within the haematological neoplasms. Since the early 20th century it began to be recognized that some people with acute myelogenous leukemia had a preceding period of anemia and abnormal blood cell production. These conditions were lumped with other diseases under the term "refractory anemia". The first description of "preleukemia" as a specific entity was published in 1953 by Block et al. The early identification, characterization and classification of this disorder were problematical, and the syndrome went by many names until the 1976 FAB classification was published and popularized the term MDS.
Historical Perspective
Myelodysplastic syndrome was first described in 1900 by Leube.[1]
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Myelodysplastic syndrome from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
The incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome is approximately 4.4 to 4.6 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[2] Myelodysplastic syndrome commonly affects older patients.[2] Males are more commonly affected with myelodysplastic syndrome than females.[2] Myelodysplastic syndrome usually affects individuals of the Caucasian race.[2]
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and symptoms
Symptoms of myelodysplastic syndrome include bleeding, easy bruising, and fatigue.[2]
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
CT
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical therapy
Surgery
Prevention
References
- ↑ Nimer, S. D. (2008). "Myelodysplastic syndromes". Blood. 111 (10): 4841–4851. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-08-078139. ISSN 0006-4971.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Incidence and mortality of myelodysplastic syndromes. National Cancer Institute 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/hp/myelodysplastic-treatment-pdq#link/_291_toc. Accessed on December 3, 2015