Babesiosis risk factors
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The most potent risk factors in the development of Babesiosis are a combined effort of environment and season. Babesia parasites are transmitted via tick bites in tick-populated areas. Transmission occurs more frequently during the spring and summer in correlation to heightened periods of tick activity. Other risk factors include repeated exposure to the following potential Babesia rodent hosts; white-footed deer mice, rats, voles, chipmunks, and field mice. Further examples of Babesia mammalian hosts also include deer populations. Although unlike the rodent transmission, transmission of Babesia from deer to human populations is likely a result of an infected nymph bite. Reduction tactics therefore include reduced contact and increased proximity from rodent, deer, and tick populations in endemic areas.
Another risk factor, though rare, may be attributed to the transmission of Babesiosis via blood transfusion. In certain cases, Babesiosis is asymptomatic and contaminated blood may inadvertently be drawn from donors within endemic areas. Furthermore case reports also indicate rare occurrences of transmission via transplacental and perinatal pathways.