Biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Biliary cystadenomas are uncommon unilocular or multilocular cystic neoplasms that may occur within the liver (infrequently found in the extrahepatic biliary tree and gallbladder).
Although biliary cystadenomas are benign tumors, they may recur after excision and have potential to develop into biliary cystadenocarcinoma.
Classification
There is no classification system established for biliary cystadenoma and biliary cystadenocarcinoma.
Pathophysiology
On gross pathology, biliary cystadenoma is unilocular or multilocular cystic lesion filled with fluid. Cystic fluid may be clear and mucinous. On microscopic histopathological analysis, presence of biliary-type epithelium wall, occasional papillary projections, and ovarian-like stroma are characteristic findings of biliary cystadenoma.
Causes
The cause of biliary cystadenoma has not been identified. However, it is thought to occur either as a result of the development of ectopic foci of primitive foregut sequestered within the liver or due to the obstruction of the congenitally aberrant bile duct.[1]
Differential Diagnosis
Biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma must be differentiated from simple liver cysts, liver hematoma, hepatic echinococcal cyst, hepatic abscess, post-traumatic cysts, and bilomas.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Biliary cystadenoma is a rare disease. Females are more commonly affected with biliary cystadenoma than males. The median age at diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma is 45 years.
Risk Factors
There are no established risk factors for biliary cystadenoma.
Screening
According to the the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF), there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for biliary cystadenoma.[2]
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Neoplastic transformation is the most common complication of biliary cystadenoma. Biliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma is associated with most favorable prognosis.[3]
References
- ↑ Chandrasinghe, Pramodh C; Liyanage, Chandika; Deen, Kemal; Wijesuriya, Suraj (2013). "Obstructive jaundice caused by a biliary mucinous cystadenoma in a woman: a case report". Journal of Medical Case Reports. 7 (1): 278. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-7-278. ISSN 1752-1947.
- ↑ Biliary Cystadenoma. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/BrowseRec/Search?s=biliary+cystadenoma
- ↑ Ahanatha Pillai, Sastha; Velayutham, Vimalraj; Perumal, Senthilkumar; Ulagendra Perumal, Srinivasan; Lakshmanan, Anand; Ramaswami, Sukumar; Ramasamy, Ravi; Sathyanesan, Jeswanth; Palaniappan, Ravichandran; Rajagopal, Surendran (2012). "Biliary Cystadenomas: A Case for Complete Resection". HPB Surgery. 2012: 1–6. doi:10.1155/2012/501705. ISSN 0894-8569.