Delusional disorder historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Delusional disorder was first introduced by Emil Kraepelin, a German psychiatrist, in the year 1883. In the year 1977 Winokur redescribed paranoia under the name of delusional disorder. In the year delusional disorder was introduced in DSM-III-R and continued to be present in subsequent editions.[1][2][3]
Historical Perspective
- The concept of paranoia has been used for centuries while the term of delusional disorder was only coined in 1977.
- The word paranoia comes from Greek para, meaning along side, and noos or nous, meaning intelligence, mind. The Greeks used the term "paranoia" to describe any mental abnormality similar to how we use the word insanity. The term reappeared in the 17th century, in the modern world, and it was largely used as a generic name for mental illness.
- In the year 1863, Karl Kahlbaum introduced the concept of paranoia as a separate mental illness: "a form of partial insanity, which throughout the course of the disease principally affected the sphere of the intellect". He even used this term to describe an illness with persistent delusions and stable course. He noted that delusions may occur in other medical and psychiatric conditions.
- Later Emil Kraepelin, continued to work on defining the concept of paranoia, which is reflected in several editions of his famous textbook and most closely resembles the modern definition of delusional disorder. Kraepelin viewed paranoia as uncommon, chronic condition different from dementia praecox by the presence of fixed, nonbizarre delusions, preserved thought process, lack of deterioration over time, and relatively slight involvement of affect and volition. Kraepelin described that delusions of paranoia, contrary to the delusions of dementia praecox, are relatively consistent, well systemized, and often related to real-life events. He identified grandiose, persecutory, jealous, erotomanic, and possibly hypochondriacal types of that disorder. He believed that the illness derived from the deficit in the patients' judgments caused by environmental stress and constitutional factors.
- Eugen Bleuler continued to recognize paranoia as a separate disorder and included hallucinations in its description (Fennig, 2005; Munro, 1999). After Kraepelin's death, Kurt Kolle (1931) reported a detailed follow-up of 66 cases seen in Kraepelin's former clinic in Munch (Munro, 1999). He noted a pattern of deterioration and concluded that paranoia represents a form of schizophrenia. This view continued to be popular in the psychiatric community for several decades and was reflected in DSM-I and DSM-II. Winokur (1977) had redescribed paranoia under the name of delusional disorder basing his findings on Kraepelin's definition and the observation of case types. Additionally, Kendler (1980) and Munro (1982) substantially contributed to the current understanding of medicine of this illness.
- In 1987, delusional disorder was introduced in DSM-III-R and continued to be present in subsequent editions.[4][5][6]
References
- ↑ Munro, Alistair. Delusional disorder paranoia and related illnesses. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Print.
- ↑ Grover, Sandeep, Nitin Gupta, and Surendra Kumar Mattoo. "Delusional disorders: An overview." German J Psychiatry 9 (2006): 62-73.
- ↑ Winokur, George, and Ming T. Tsuang. The natural history of mania, depression, and schizophrenia. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1996. Print.
- ↑ Munro, Alistair. Delusional disorder paranoia and related illnesses. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Print.
- ↑ Grover, Sandeep, Nitin Gupta, and Surendra Kumar Mattoo. "Delusional disorders: An overview." German J Psychiatry 9 (2006): 62-73.
- ↑ Winokur, George, and Ming T. Tsuang. The natural history of mania, depression, and schizophrenia. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1996. Print.