Chondroma pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soujanya Thummathati, MBBS [2]

Overview

Enhondromas arise from rests of growth plate cartilage or chondrocytes that are normally involved in the production and maintainence of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans. Juxta-cortical chondromas (also known as periosteal chondromas) arise from the periosteum of tubular bones. On microscopic histopathological analysis, avascular lobules of hyaline cartilagenous matrix interspersed with chondrocytes, separated by normal marrow are characteristic findings of chondromas. On gross pathology, small (usually less than 3 cm), translucent, grey blue, nodular lesions with occasional calcifications are characteristic findings of chondromas.

Pathogenesis

• Enchondromas arise from rests of growth plate cartilage or chondrocytes that are normally involved in the production and maintainence of the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans.
• Juxta-cortical chondromas (also known as periosteal chondromas) arise from the periosteum of tubular bones .

Gross Pathology

• On gross pathology, small (usually less than 3 cm), translucent, grey blue, nodular lesions with occasional calcifications are characteristic findings of chondromas.

Microscopic Pathology

• On microscopic histopathological analysis, avascular, fibrous lobules of hyaline cartilagenous matrix, interspersed with chondrocytes and separated by normal marrow are characteristic findings of chondromas. In malignant chondrosarcomas, the fibrous capsule, is irregular, with extensions into the surrounding tissues and may be used in differentiating it from the benign chondroma.

• 

  The sections show spaced small cells in a pale matrix with a light-blue tinge. No nuclear atypia is appreciated. No mitotic activity is apparent. Degenerative changes are seen focally.

• The sections show spaced small cells in a pale matrix with a light-blue tinge. No nuclear atypia is appreciated. No mitotic activity is apparent. Degenerative changes are seen focally.[13]

  The sections show spaced small cells in a pale matrix with a light-blue tinge. No nuclear atypia is appreciated. No mitotic activity is apparent. Degenerative changes are seen focally.

Associated conditions

Enchondromas are associated with the following:

Associated disease	Findings
Maffucci syndrome (sporadic)	Multiple enchondromas Multiple hemangiomas Lymphangiomas
Ollier disease (sporadic)	Multiple enchondromas Asymmetric dwarfism
Metachondromatosis (Genetic-Autosomal dominamt)	Multiple osteochondromas Multiple enchondromas

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