Non small cell lung cancer pathophysiology
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Differentiating Non Small Cell Lung Cancer from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]
Overview
Non-small cell lung cancer arises from the epithelial cells of the lung of the central bronchi to terminal alveoli, which are normally involved in the protection of the airways. Non-small cell lung cancer is an invasive and rapidly growing cancer which may metastasize to different organs of the body. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer include EGFR, KRAS, HER2, BRAF, and ALK. On gross pathology, findings will depend on the histological type. On microscopic histopathological analysis non-small cell lung cancer demonstrate large cells with abundant cytoplasm and no stippled chromatin.
Pathogenesis
- Non-small cell lung cancer arises from the epithelial cells of the lung of the central bronchi to terminal alveoli, which are normally involved in the protection of the airways.
- Non-small cell lung cancer is an invasive and rapidly growing cancer which may metastasize to different organs of the body.
Genetics
- Development of non small cell lung cancer is the result of multiple genetic mutations.
- Genetic mutations play an important role in the treatment selection for non small cell lung cancer.
- Genes involved in the pathogenesis of non small cell lung cancer include:
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- EGFR mutations are present in approximately 10% to 15% of all non-small cell lung cancers.
- Mutations are present in approximately 30% of pulmonary adenocarcinomas.
- Mutations are present in approximately 5% of pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas
- Associated with carcinomas with mucinous histology.
- ALK
- Mutations are present in approximately 5% of all non-small cell lung cancers.
- Mutations are present in approximately 4% of adenocarcinomas.
- BRAF
- ROS-1
Associated Conditions
Non small cell lung cancer is associated with other conditions that include:
Gross Pathology
- On gross pathology, findings include:
Microscopic Pathology
- Shown below is a series of microscopic images observed in non small cell lung cancer:
Gallery