Brucellosis epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Danitza Lukac

Overview

Brucellosis is not very common in the United States, but brucellosis can be very common within countries that do not have good standardized and effective public health and domestic animal health programs. Areas currently listed as high risk are the Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, Spain, Southern France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, North Africa), South and Central America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Number of reported cases - United States and U.S. territories, 2010

Cases of Brucellosis in humans in the United States from the years 1993-2010 surveyed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

Incidence

• The incidence in different endemic countries varies between 0.01 and 200 per 100,000 individuals.
• The low incidence reported in known brucellosis-endemic areas may reflect low levels of surveillance and reporting.
• Areas currently listed as high risk are the Mediterranean Basin (Portugal, Spain, Southern France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, North Africa), South and Central America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.

Case Fatality Rate

• The case fatality rate of brucellosis is less than 2% when untreated.

Age

• Brucellosis most commonly affects individuals 20 and 45 years old.

Gender

• Men are more commonly affected with brucellosis than women.

Race

• There is no racial predilection to brucellosis.

Developed Countries

• Dairy herds in the USA to be certified brucellosis-free are tested at least once a year with the Brucella milk ring test. Many countries such as the US have good surveillance programs.
• Australia, Canada, France, Belgium, Germany, and many other countries are considered to be brucellosis-free.

Developing Countries

• Developing countries often do not have safeguards that can help prevent or monitor possible outbreaks, such as pasteurization laws, animal control/slaughter regulations, and brucellosis surveillance programs.