Acute stress disorder causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
[Disease name] may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
Causes
Experiencing, witnessing, or being confronted with one or more traumatic events can cause ASD. Traumatic events that can cause ASD include:
death a threat of death to oneself or others a threat of serious injury to oneself or others a threat to the physical integrity of oneself or others Approximately 6 to 33 percent of people who experience a traumatic event develop ASD. This rate varies based on the nature of the traumatic situation
| Traumatic event | Type of traumatic event | Example of traumatic event |
|---|---|---|
| Traumatic events experienced directly, but not limited to | Exposure to war as a combatant or civilian | |
| Threatened or actual violent personal assault | sexual violence, physical attack , active combat, mugging, childhood physical and/or sexual violence, being kidnapped being taken hostage, terrorist attack, torture
For children, sexually traumatic events may include inappropriate sexual experiences without violence or injury | |
| Natural or humanmade disasters | earthquake, airplane crash, hurricane | |
| Medical incidents | sudden, catastrophic events such as waking during surgery, anaphylactic shock
A severe life-threatening illness or debilitating medical condition is not necessarily considered a traumatic event | |
| Severe accident | severe motor vehicle, industrial accident | |
| Traumatic events witnessed, but not limited to | observing threatened or serious injury | |
| unnatural death | ||
| physical or sexual violence inflicted on another individual as a result of violent assault | ||
| severe domestic violence | ||
| severe accident | ||
| war | ||
| disaster | ||
| witnessing a medical catastrophe involving one's child | a life-threatening haemorrhage | |
| Being confronted with one or more traumatic events | ||
| Traumatic events experienced indirectly through learning about the event are limited to close relatives or close friends | Events must have been violent or accidental
Death due to natural causes does not qualify When the stressor is interpersonal or intentional ( e.g, torture, rape), the disorder may be especially severe The likelihood of developing this disorder may increase as the intensity of and physical proximity to the stressor increase |
violent personal assault, suicide , serious accident, or serious injury |
| Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic events | Child abuse, death | first responders collecting human remains, police officers repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse |