Acute stress disorder epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
The point prevalence of acute stress disorder (ASD) following trauma exposure has been estimated at between 5 and 20 percent. According to the DSM-5, the frequency with which acute stress disorder develops in individuals exposed to traumatic events depends on the following features:
- The context in which the event is assessed
- The nature of the event
- Within and outside the United States, acute stress disorder tends to occur at the following rates:
- 6-12% of industrial accidents
- 10% of severe burns
- 13-21% of motor vehicle accidents
- 14% of mild traumatic brain injuries
- 19% of assaults
- 20-50% of cases follow interpersonal traumatic events (eg, assault, rape, and witnessing a mass shooting)
Gender
Females are more commonly affected with acute stress disorder than males. Acute stress disorder is more prevalent among females than among males. Sex-linked neurobiological differences in stress response may contribute to females’ increased risk for acute stress disorder(Adreano and Cahill 2009; Bryant et al. 2011a). The increased risk for the disorder in females may be attributable in part to a greater likelihood of exposure to the types of traumatic events with a high conditional risk for acute stress disorder, such as rape and other interpersonal violence.