Acute stress disorder epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
The point prevalence of acute stress disorder (ASD) following trauma exposure has been estimated at between 5 and 20 percent. According to the DSM-5, the frequency with which acute stress disorder develops in individuals exposed to traumatic events depends on the following features:
- The context in which the event is assessed
- The nature of the event
- Within and outside the United States, acute stress disorder tends to occur at the following rates:
- 6-12% of industrial accidents
- 10% of severe burns
- 13-21% of motor vehicle accidents
- 14% of mild traumatic brain injuries
- 19% of assaults
- 20-50% of cases follow interpersonal traumatic events (eg, assault, rape, and witnessing a mass shooting)
Gender
Females are more commonly affected with acute stress disorder than males. Acute stress disorder is more prevalent among females than among males. It is hypothesized that sex-linked neurobiological differences in stress response may contribute to females’ increased risk for acute stress disorder. The increased risk for the acute stress disorder in females may be attributable in part to a greater likelihood of exposure to the traumatic events with a high conditional risk for acute stress disorder, such as rape and other interpersonal violence.