Cystitis history and symptoms
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Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.
Overview
A detailed and thorough medical history from the patient is necessary. Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include Use of urinary catheters,Pregnancy, Sexual history,Diabetes, Recent antibiotic use, History of renal disease, Urinary incontinence, and Urinary retention.
History
A detailed and thorough medical history from the patient is necessary. Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:
- Use of urinary catheters
- Pregnancy
- Sexual history
- Diabetes
- Recent antibiotic use
- History of renal disease
- Urinary incontinence
- Urinary retention
Symptoms
Symptoms of cystitis include:
- Urinary symptoms [1][2]
- Abnormal urine color (cloudy), similar to a urinary tract infection
- Blood in the urine (hematuria)
- Foul or strong urine odor
- Frequent urination or urgent need to urinate
- Need to urinate at night
- Painful urination (dysuria)
- Pressure in the lower pelvis or back
- Flank pain or back pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Chills
References
- ↑ Cystitis-acute. MedlinePlus.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm Accessed on February 9, 2016
- ↑ Hooton TM (2000). "Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: an update". J Antimicrob Chemother. 46 Suppl A: 1–7. PMID 10969044.