Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [2]
Overview
On gross pathology, angiocentric and angiodestructive pattern of growth with associated geographical necrosis and ulceration are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, medium sized tumor cells and polymorphic infiltrate of nonneoplastic inflammatory cells are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma.
Genetics
Immunotype
- The immunophenotype of NK lymphoma cells is classically positive for CD2, CD56, and cytoplasmic CD3 epsilon.
- They are negative for surface CD3. Unlike normal NK cells, the tumor cells are usually negative for CD7 and CD16.
- They express cytotoxic granule associated proteins granzyme B, T-cell restricted intracellular antigen (TIA-1), and perforin.
Gross Pathology
- On gross pathology, angiocentric and angiodestructive pattern of growth with associated geographical necrosis and ulceration are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma.
- Coagulative necrosis and apoptotic bodies are frequently encountered.
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, medium sized tumor cells and polymorphic infiltrate of non-neoplastic inflammatory cells are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma.
- The tumor cells are small to medium in size with occasional large and anaplastic forms.
- The lymphoma cells may be admixed with a polymorphic infiltrate of nonneoplastic inflammatory cells including small lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes, and eosinophils.