Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [2]
Overview
Extra nodal NK-T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, can develop in either T cells or natural killer cells, but most often in the NK cells. Natural killer cells are a type of lymphocyte that are closely related to T cells and attack foreign cells.[1] Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma may be classified according to WHO into 2 subtypes: NK cell-derived neoplasms, namely, aggressive NK cell leukemia and extra nodal NK-T-cell lymphoma, nasal type.[2] Based on the organ involvement, extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma may be classified into extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma, nasal type and extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma, extra nasal type.[1][3] On gross pathology, angiocentric and angiodestructive pattern of growth with associated geographical necrosis and ulceration are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, medium sized tumor cells and polymorphic infiltrate of nonneoplastic inflammatory cells are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma.[2]There are no established causes for extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma. Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma must be differentiated from other diseases such as anaplastic large cell lymphoma, non specific inflammatory process, enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma, and peripheral T cell lymphoma.[2]Patients of all age groups may develop extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma. Males are more commonly affected with extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma than females. The majority of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma cases are reported in Asian, Central-American, and South-American countries.[1]There are no established risk factors for extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma.
Classification
Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma may be classified according to WHO into 2 subtypes: NK cell-derived neoplasms, namely, aggressive NK cell leukemia and extra nodal NK-T-cell lymphoma, nasal type.[2] Based on the organ involvement, extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma may be classified into extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma, nasal type and extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma, extra nasal type.[1][3]
Pathophysiology
Extra nodal NK-T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, can develop in either T cells or natural killer cells, but most often in the NK cells. Natural killer cells are a type of lymphocyte that are closely related to T cells and attack foreign cells. On gross pathology, angiocentric and angiodestructive pattern of growth with associated geographical necrosis and ulceration are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, medium sized tumor cells and polymorphic infiltrate of nonneoplastic inflammatory cells are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma.[2][1]
Causes
There are no established causes for extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma.
Differential Diagnosis
Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma must be differentiated from other diseases such as anaplastic large cell lymphoma, non specific inflammatory process, enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma, and peripheral T cell lymphoma.[2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Patients of all age groups may develop extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma. Males are more commonly affected with extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma than females. The majority of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma cases are reported in Asian, Central-American, and South-American countries.[1]
Risk Factors
There are no established risk factors for extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/extranodal-nk-t-cell-lymphoma-nasal-type/?region=on. Accessed on February 19, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Extranodal Natural-Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ah/2010/627401/. Accessed on February 18, 2016
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. BioMedCentral. http://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-8722-6-86. Accessed on February 19, 2016