Swine influenza epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Swine influenza usually occurs in outbreaks/pandemics, and the incidence may vary greatly from one year to another. The 2009 H1N1 global infection rate was 11% to 21%. During the 2009 swine influenza outbreak, the incidence in the USA was approximately 18,000 per 100,000 individuals (a total of 60 million cases) with approximately 265,000 hospitalizations reported. The worldwide case fatality rate is unknown, but is thought to range from 15,000 (initial reports) to 500,000 when patients with no healthcare access were counted. Individuals of all age groups may be affected by swine influenza. There is no gender or racial predilection to the development of swine influenza.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- Swine influenza usually occurs in outbreaks/pandemics, and the incidence may vary greatly from one year to another.
- The 2009 H1N1 global infection rate was 11% to 21%.[1]
- During the 2009 swine influenza outbreak, the incidence in the USA was approximately 18,000 per 100,000 individuals (a total of 60 million cases) with approximately 265,000 hospitalizations reported.[2]
Case-Fatality Rate
- The exact case fatality rate is unknown.
- During the 2009 swine influenza outbreak, initial reports stated that a total of 15,000-18,000 individuals died worldwide, the majority of whom were under 65 years of age.[3][4] Three years later, however, it was speculated that more than 280,000 - 500,000 individuals may have died due to 2009 swine influenza. The initial underestimation was thought to be caused by not counting individuals with no access to healthcare in developing countries.[5][6][7]
Age
- Individuals of all age groups may be affected by swine influenza.[8]
- Compared to the elderly, younger individuals are at higher risk of developing swine influenza. It is thought that older individuals may have a higher degree of cross-protection against influenza infection.[8]
- Small children and the elderly are at higher risk of developing swine flu-related complications.
Gender
There is no gender predilection to the development of swine influenza.
Race
There is no racial predilection to the development of swine influenza.
References
- ↑ Roos, Robert (8 August 2011). "Study puts global 2009 H1N1 infection rate at 11% to 21%". CIDRAP. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ↑ "Press Briefing Transcripts CDC 2009 H1N1 Flu Media Briefing". CDC. Retrieved 21 Feb 2016. line feed character in
|title=at position 27 (help) - ↑
- ↑ "H1N1 Still A Pandemic, Says WHO". redOrbit. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
- ↑ Dawood FS, Iuliano AD, Reed C; et al. (September 2012). "Estimated global mortality associated with the first 12 months of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus circulation: a modelling study". Lancet Infect Dis. 12 (9): 687–95. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70121-4. PMID 22738893.
- ↑ "First Global Estimates of 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Mortality Released by CDC-Led Collaboration". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 25 June 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
- ↑ Goodenough, T. (26 June 2012). "Swine flu killed 250,000 - 15 TIMES the number of people reported, claims international study". Mail Online. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Kaplan, Karen (18 September 2009). "Swine flu's tendency to strike the young is causing confusion". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 19 September 2009. Retrieved 18 September 2009.