Sandbox:Otitis externa natural history, complications, and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Natural History
- Acute otitis externa usually develops up to 7 days after infection from the causative pathogen.[1]
- Initial symptoms include an odorless discharge from otorrhea, as well as mild otalgia and pruritus with signs of mild erythema of the ear canal.
- Without treatment, acute otitis externa will usually resolve without treatment within 4 days of onset.[2]
- Patients that are immunocompromised may experience a longer duration and escalation of symptoms, including edema, suppuration, and increased otalgia.[1]
- In more severe cases of acute otitis externa, additional symptoms may include parotitis, adenopathy, and auricular cellulitis.
- Otitis externa considered "chronic" - cases lasting more than 3 months with or without treatment - will usually persist indefinitely and will require treatment for resolution.[3]
- This is usually the case when it is caused by a form of dermatitis as a chronic reaction to recurrent exposure to cosmetological chemical irritants.
- Malignant necrotizing otitis externa usually develops when an infectiously-caused case of acute otitis externa spreads to the temporal bones, as well as bones in the ear adjacent to the canal, leading to damage and degradation.[4]
Complications
Prognosis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Osguthorpe JD, Nielsen DR (2006). "Otitis externa: Review and clinical update". Am Fam Physician. 74 (9): 1510–6. PMID 17111889.
- ↑ Sander R (2001). "Otitis externa: a practical guide to treatment and prevention". Am Fam Physician. 63 (5): 927–36, 941–2. PMID 11261868.
- ↑ Hui CP (2013). "Acute otitis externa". Paediatr Child Health. 18 (2): 96–101. PMC 3567906. PMID 24421666.
- ↑ Handzel O, Halperin D (2003). "Necrotizing (malignant) external otitis". Am Fam Physician. 68 (2): 309–12. PMID 12892351.