Sandbox:Otitis externa natural history, complications, and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Natural History
- Acute otitis externa usually develops up to 7 days after infection from the causative pathogen.[1]
- Initial symptoms include an odorless discharge from otorrhea, as well as mild otalgia and pruritus with signs of mild erythema of the ear canal.
- Without treatment, acute otitis externa will usually resolve without treatment within 4 days of onset.[2]
- Patients that are immunocompromised may experience a longer duration and escalation of symptoms, including edema, suppuration, and increased otalgia.[1]
- In more severe cases of acute otitis externa, additional symptoms may include parotitis, adenopathy, and auricular cellulitis.
- Otitis externa considered "chronic" - cases lasting more than 3 months with or without treatment - will usually persist indefinitely and will require treatment for resolution.[3]
- This is usually the case when it is caused by a form of dermatitis as a chronic reaction to recurrent exposure to cosmetological chemical irritants.
- Malignant necrotizing otitis externa usually develops when an infectiously-caused case of acute otitis externa spreads to the temporal bones, as well as bones in the ear adjacent to the canal, leading to damage and degradation.[4]
- Without treatment, malignant otitis externa will usually result in severe intra and extra cranial symptoms that include severe otalgia, difficulty swallowing, facial palsy, and cervicular lymphadenopathy, which will last indefinitely.
Complications
Prognosis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Osguthorpe JD, Nielsen DR (2006). "Otitis externa: Review and clinical update". Am Fam Physician. 74 (9): 1510–6. PMID 17111889.
- ↑ Sander R (2001). "Otitis externa: a practical guide to treatment and prevention". Am Fam Physician. 63 (5): 927–36, 941–2. PMID 11261868.
- ↑ Hui CP (2013). "Acute otitis externa". Paediatr Child Health. 18 (2): 96–101. PMC 3567906. PMID 24421666.
- ↑ Handzel O, Halperin D (2003). "Necrotizing (malignant) external otitis". Am Fam Physician. 68 (2): 309–12. PMID 12892351.