Conjunctivitis pathophysiology
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]
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Pathophysiology
Infective Conjunctivitis is spread from:
- Direct contact with the infected person’s eye drainage or drainage from the person’s cough, sneeze, or runny nose
- Contact with the infected person’s fingers, hands or objects that may have the infected person’s drainage on them (e.g. eye makeup applicators, towels, shared eye medications)
- Adjacent infectious sites (rubbing of the eyes)
Any change in the host defense or in the species of normal flora of the eye (such as streptococci, staphylococci, and corynebacteria) can lead to clinical infection and Conjunctivitis.[1] Change in the flora can occur by:
- External contamination
- Contact lens wear
- Swimming
Newborns can be infected by bacteria in the birth canal. This condition is called ophthalmia neonatorum, and it must be treated immediately to preserve eyesight. Additionally, neonatal conjunctivitis is a red eye in a newborn caused by irritation, a blocked tear duct, or infection.
Development of Allergic Conjunctivitis is result of type I hypersensitivity reactions involving the conjunctiva. [2]
- IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reaction and Mast cell play an important role in these allergic inflammations
In Giant papillary conjunctivitis combination of type I and type IV hypersensitivity reactions may be responsible. Also prolonged mechanical irritation to the superior tarsal conjunctiva, of the upper lid, from any of a variety of foreign bodies may also be a contributing factor in Giant papillary conjunctivitis.[3][4] Airborne antigens may be involved in the pathogenesis of Allergic Conjunctivitis. Common airborne antigens, include:[5][6]
- Pollen,
- Grass,
- Weeds,
There is a strong association with atopic dermatitis and Allergic Conjunctivitis.
Gross Pathology
Microscopic Pathology
References
- ↑ Everitt H, Kumar S, Little P (2003). "A qualitative study of patients' perceptions of acute infective conjunctivitis". Br J Gen Pract. 53 (486): 36–41. PMC 1314490. PMID 12564275.
- ↑ Kyei S, Koffuor GA, Ramkissoon P, Abokyi S, Owusu-Afriyie O, Wiredu EA (2015). "Possible Mechanism of Action of the Antiallergic Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Heliotropium indicum L. in Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Conjunctivitis". J Allergy (Cairo). 2015: 245370. doi:10.1155/2015/245370. PMC 4657065. PMID 26681960.
- ↑ Donshik PC (1994). "Giant papillary conjunctivitis". Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 92: 687–744. PMC 1298525. PMID 7886881.
- ↑ Donshik PC, Porazinski AD (1999). "Giant papillary conjunctivitis in frequent-replacement contact lens wearers: a retrospective study". Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 97: 205–16, discussion 216-20. PMC 1298261. PMID 10703125.
- ↑ Malling HJ, Montagut A, Melac M, Patriarca G, Panzner P, Seberova E; et al. (2009). "Efficacy and safety of 5-grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy tablets in patients with different clinical profiles of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis". Clin Exp Allergy. 39 (3): 387–93. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03152.x. PMC 4233960. PMID 19134019.
- ↑ Kämpe M, Stålenheim G, Janson C, Stolt I, Carlson M (2007). "Systemic and local eosinophil inflammation during the birch pollen season in allergic patients with predominant rhinitis or asthma". Clin Mol Allergy. 5: 4. doi:10.1186/1476-7961-5-4. PMC 2174506. PMID 17967188.
- ↑ Image Courtesy of Joyhil09 [1]
- ↑ http://picasaweb.google.com/mcmumbi/USMLEIIImages
![[1]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:An_eye_with_viral_conjunctivitis.jpg){kind=link}