Acute respiratory distress syndrome epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Brian Shaller, M.D. [2]
Overview
The incidence of ARDS is estimated to be 1.5 to 75 cases per 100,000 individuals per year worldwide. The reported incidence varies geographically and is higher in the United States than in other countries.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
No reliable comparative epidemiological data of ARDS are available due to the evolution of the diagnostic criteria.[1] The exact incidence of ARDS as defined by the Berlin definition remains unclear.
Worldwide, the incidence of ARDS ranges from 1.5 to 75 cases per 100,000 person-years.[2] Most studies report the incidence rate of approximately 2 to 8 cases per 100,000 person-years.[3]
In the United States, the National Heart and Lung Institute suggested an estimated incidence of 75 cases per 100,000 person-years.[4] Data from a population-based study reported the crude and age-adjusted incidence of 58.7 and 64.0 cases per 100,000 person-years.[5]
In the United Kingdom, the incidence of ARDS is 4.5 cases per 100,000 person-years.[6]
In Europe, the incidence of ARDS ranges from 4.9 to 13.5 cases per 100,000 person-years.[7][8][9][10][11]
Age
The incidence of ARDS increases with age. Data from a population-based study indicated that the groups with the lowest and highest age-specific incidence are 15 through 19 years of age and 75 through 84 years of age, respectively. Mortality also increases with age from a minimum of 24% among those 15 through 19 years old to 60% among those 85 years or older.[12]
Gender
Women are slightly more commonly affected with ARDS than men, however, the mortality rate is slightly higher among men than women.[13][14]
Race
There is no racial predilection to the development of ARDS. However, in the United States the mortality rate among African Americans with ARDS is higher than among whites.[13]
References
- ↑ Adhikari, Neill K. J., Robert A. Fowler, Satish Bhagwanjee, and Gordon D. Rubenfeld. “Critical Care and the Global Burden of Critical Illness in Adults.” Lancet (London, England) 376, no. 9749 (October 16, 2010): 1339–46. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60446-1.
- ↑ Valta, P., A. Uusaro, S. Nunes, E. Ruokonen, and J. Takala. “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Frequency, Clinical Course, and Costs of Care.” Critical Care Medicine 27, no. 11 (November 1999): 2367–74.
- ↑ “Round Table Conference. Acute Lung Injury.” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 158, no. 2 (August 1998): 675–79. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.2.15823.
- ↑ National Heart and Lung Institute. Task Force on Research in Respiratory Diseases, and National Heart and Lung Institute. Lung Program. Respiratory Diseases; Task Force Report on Problems, Research Approaches, Needs. The Lung Program, National Heart and Lung Institute. [Bethesda, Md., U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Institutes of Health] for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., Washington, 1972. http://archive.org/details/respiratorydisea00nati.
- ↑ Rubenfeld, Gordon D., Ellen Caldwell, Eve Peabody, Jim Weaver, Diane P. Martin, Margaret Neff, Eric J. Stern, and Leonard D. Hudson. “Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Lung Injury.” The New England Journal of Medicine 353, no. 16 (October 20, 2005): 1685–93. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa050333.
- ↑ Webster, N. R., A. T. Cohen, and J. F. Nunn. “Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome--How Many Cases in the UK?” Anaesthesia 43, no. 11 (November 1988): 923–26.
- ↑ Linko, Rita, Marjatta Okkonen, Ville Pettilä, Juha Perttilä, Ilkka Parviainen, Esko Ruokonen, Jyrki Tenhunen, Tero Ala-Kokko, Tero Varpula, and FINNALI-study group. “Acute Respiratory Failure in Intensive Care Units. FINNALI: A Prospective Cohort Study.” Intensive Care Medicine 35, no. 8 (August 2009): 1352–61. doi:10.1007/s00134-009-1519-z.
- ↑ Villar, Jesús, Jesús Blanco, José Manuel Añón, Antonio Santos-Bouza, Lluís Blanch, Alfonso Ambrós, Francisco Gandía, et al. “The ALIEN Study: Incidence and Outcome of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Era of Lung Protective Ventilation.” Intensive Care Medicine 37, no. 12 (December 2011): 1932–41. doi:10.1007/s00134-011-2380-4.
- ↑ Sigurdsson, M. I., K. Sigvaldason, T. S. Gunnarsson, A. Moller, and G. H. Sigurdsson. “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Nationwide Changes in Incidence, Treatment and Mortality over 23 Years.” Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 57, no. 1 (January 2013): 37–45. doi:10.1111/aas.12001.
- ↑ Valta, P., A. Uusaro, S. Nunes, E. Ruokonen, and J. Takala. “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Frequency, Clinical Course, and Costs of Care.” Critical Care Medicine 27, no. 11 (November 1999): 2367–74.
- ↑ Luhr, O. R., K. Antonsen, M. Karlsson, S. Aardal, A. Thorsteinsson, C. G. Frostell, and J. Bonde. “Incidence and Mortality after Acute Respiratory Failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland. The ARF Study Group.” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 159, no. 6 (June 1999): 1849–61. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.6.9808136.
- ↑ Rubenfeld, Gordon D., Ellen Caldwell, Eve Peabody, Jim Weaver, Diane P. Martin, Margaret Neff, Eric J. Stern, and Leonard D. Hudson. “Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Lung Injury.” The New England Journal of Medicine 353, no. 16 (October 20, 2005): 1685–93. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa050333.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Moss M, Mannino DM (2002). "Race and gender differences in acute respiratory distress syndrome deaths in the United States: an analysis of multiple-cause mortality data (1979- 1996)". Crit Care Med. 30 (8): 1679–85. PMID 12163776.
- ↑ Heffernan DS, Dossett LA, Lightfoot MA, Fremont RD, Ware LB, Sawyer RG; et al. (2011). "Gender and acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically injured adults: a prospective study". J Trauma. 71 (4): 878–83, discussion 883-5. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e31822c0d31. PMC 3201740. PMID 21986736.