Congenital hypothyroidism natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Complications

• Mental retardation
• Growth retardation
• Heart problems

Prognosis

• Prognosis of congenital hypothyroidism depends on whether the baby starts thyroid hormone replacement therapy early.

• The earlier the treatment begins, the better outcome the baby will be.

Most children born with congenital hypothyroidism and correctly treated with thyroxine grow and develop normally in all respects. Even most of those with athyreosis and undetectable T₄ levels at birth develop with normal intelligence, although as a population academic performance tends to be below that of siblings and mild learning problems occur in some.

Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. Few treatments in the practice of medicine provide as large a benefit for as small an effort.