Blepharitis historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]
Overview
Blepharitis was first described in the 19th century as a conjunctivitis meibominae and meibomian seborrhea.[1]
Historical Perspective
The earliest description of blepharitis dates back to 1894, when Lydston reported the clinical entity "conjunctivitis meibomianae" in a patient with accumulated sebaceous-like material in the meibomian glands.[2]
In 1901, Maklahoff reported a case characterized by dilated meibomian gland openings with pus formation in the glands.[3]
In 1908, Elschnig described the symptom of meibomian gland hypersecretion which could be relieved by emptying of the glands and the use of astringents.[4]
In 1921, Gifford isolated Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus xerosis from meibomian gland cultures of young and elderly individuals, respectively.[5] This finding suggested that colonization of microorganisms in the meibomian glands may play a role in the pathogenesis.
In 1922, Cowper coined the term "meibomian seborrhea" that has been referred to as "meibomian gland dysfunction" in the modern literature.[6]
- Blepharitis was first described in the 19th century as a conjunctivitis meibominae and meibomian seborrhea.[1]
- In 1946, a combination of antimicrobial therapy and eyelid hygiene was first used by Phillips Thygeson, M.D.[7][8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lemp MA, Nichols KK (2009). "Blepharitis in the United States 2009: a survey-based perspective on prevalence and treatment". Ocul Surf. 7 (2 Suppl): S1–S14. PMID 19383269.
- ↑ LYDSTON, JAMES A. "CONJUNCTIVITIS MEIBOMIANÆ." Journal of the American Medical Association 23.6 (1894): 241-242.
- ↑ Maklahoff, AA. "Zur Bactderchron eitrigen Entzund der Gland Meib des Lides." Arch fur Augenheilkd. 1901;13:10.
- ↑ Elschnig, A. "Beitrag zur Aethiologie und Therapie der cronischen Konjunctivitis [Contribution to the ethiology and therapy of chronic conjunctivitis]." Deuts Med Wochenschr 26 (1908): 1133-1135.
- ↑ Gifford, Sanford R. "The etiology of chronic meibomitis." American Journal of Ophthalmology 4.8 (1921): 566-570.
- ↑ Cowper, H. W. "Meibomian seborrhea." American Journal of Ophthalmology 5.1 (1922): 25-30.
- ↑ THYGESON P, VAUGHAN DG (1954). "Seborrheic blepharitis". Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 52: 173–88. PMC 1312591. PMID 13274422.
- ↑ THYGESON P (1946). "Etiology and treatment of blepharitis; a study in military personnel". Arch Ophthal. 36 (4): 445–77. PMID 21002032.