St. Louis encephalitis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anthony Gallo, B.S. [2]; Contributor(s): Irfan Dotani [3], Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [4]
Overview
The prevalence of St. Louis encephalitis is estimated to be 651 cases. The incidence of St. Louis encephalitis is approximately 192 per 100,000 individuals world wide. The majority of St. Louis encephalitis cases are reported in the United States. St. Louis encephalitis is a rare disease that tends to affect increased age and decreased age. Patients of all age groups may develop St. Louis encephalitis. There is no racial predilection to St. Louis encephalitis. St. Louis encephalitis affects men and women equally. The case-mortality rate of St. Louis encephalitis is ranges from 5% to 30%, with higher rates among the elderly, worldwide.[1][2][3][4]
Epidemiology and Demographics
The prevalence of St. Louis encephalitis is estimated to be 651 cases. The incidence of St. Louis encephalitis is approximately 192 per 100,000 individuals world wide. The majority of St. Louis encephalitis cases are reported in the United States. St. Louis encephalitis is a rare disease that tends to affect increased age and decreased age. Patients of all age groups may develop St. Louis encephalitis. There is no racial predilection to St. Louis encephalitis. St. Louis encephalitis affects men and women equally. The case-mortality rate of St. Louis encephalitis is ranges from 5% to 30%, with higher rates among the elderly, worldwide. St. Louis encephalitis infection is thought to confer life-long immunity against re-infection.[1][2]
In the United States, the annual number of reported St. Louis encephalitis neuroinvasive disease cases reported fluctuates widely, as a result of periodic epidemics. From 1964 through 2009, an average of 102 cases were reported annually (range 2-1,967).[3]
In temperate areas of the United States, St. Louis encephalitis disease cases primarily occur in late summer or early fall. In the southern states, where climate is milder, cases may occur year round. Although the geographic range of the virus extends from Canada to Argentina, human cases have almost exclusively occurred in the United States. The majority of cases have occurred in eastern and central states, where episodic urban-centered outbreaks have recurred since the 1930s. The largest epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis neuroinvasive disease ever recognized occurred in the United States in 1975, with nearly 2,000 cases reported, primarily from the central states in the Ohio-Mississippi River Basin.[4]
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Neuroinvasive Disease Cases* Reported by Year, 1964-2010
- Neuroinvasive disease includes cases reported as encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, or meningitis.
Data Table: In the United States, the annual number of reported St. Louis encephalitis virus neuroinvasive disease cases reported fluctuates widely, as a result of periodic epidemics. From 1964 through 2010, an average of 100 cases were reported annually (range 2-1,967). The graph above demonstrates how the number of cases can vary numerically from year to year.
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Neuroinvasive Disease Cases* Reported by State, 1964-2010
Data table: From 1964 through 2010, SLEV neuroinvasive disease cases have been reported in Alabama (150), Arkansas (79), Arizona (41), California (123), Colorado (88), Connecticut (1), District of Columbia (9), Delaware (1), Florida (380), Georgia (5), Iowa (25), Idaho (3), Illinois (697), Indiana (369), Kansas (127), Kentucky (68), Louisiana (168), Maryland (9), Michigan (33), Minnesota (8), Missouri (77), Mississippi (348), Montana (2), North Carolina (6), North Dakota (19), Nebraska (14), New Hampshire (1), New Jersey (131), New Mexico (7), Nevada (4), New York (10), Ohio (441), Oklahoma (12), Oregon (2), Pennsylvania (37), South Dakota (5), Tennessee (141), Texas (1021), Utah (1), Virginia (8), Washington (4), Wisconsin (5), West Virginia (12), and Wyoming (1).
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Neuroinvasive Disease* Average Annual Incidence by County, 1996-2010
Data table: This map shows the distribution of St. Louis encephalitis virus neuroinvasive disease (encephalitis and/or meningitis) average annual incidence from 1996 through 2010. Counties are shaded according to incidences ranging from less than 0.05, 0.05 to 0.19, and greater than or equal to 0.2 per 100,000 population. Shaded counties are scattered throughout the United States.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Saint Louis Encephalitis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009). https://www.cdc.gov/sle/technical/fact.html Accessed July 28, 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 St. Louis Encephalitis. http://www.gcmad.org/Documents/St_Louis_Encephalitis.pdf Accessed July 28, 2016.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 St. Louis Encephalitis -- California. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1998). http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000438.htm Accessed on July 28, 2016.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 http://Impact of the West Nile virus on the Natural History os St. Louis Encephalitis. (2008). scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1437&context=etd Accessed on July 28, 2016.