St. Louis encephalitis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anthony Gallo, B.S. [2]; Contributor(s): Irfan Dotani [3], Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [4]
Overview
The incidence of St. Louis encephalitis is approximately 192 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The majority of St. Louis encephalitis cases are reported in the United States. In the United States, the annual number of reported St. Louis encephalitis cases reported fluctuate widely, as a result of periodic epidemics. St. Louis encephalitis infection is thought to confer life-long immunity against reinfection. St. Louis encephalitis affects men and women equally. There is no racial predilection to St. Louis encephalitis.[1]St. Louis encephalitis is a rare disease that tends to affect increased age and decreased age. Patients of all age groups may develop St. Louis encephalitis. [2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
The incidence of St. Louis encephalitis is approximately 192 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The majority of St. Louis encephalitis cases are reported in the United States. In the United States, the annual number of reported St. Louis encephalitis neuroinvasive disease cases reported fluctuates widely, as a result of periodic epidemics. St. Louis encephalitis infection is thought to confer life-long immunity against reinfection.[1] The case-mortality rate of St. Louis encephalitis is ranges from 5% to 30%, with higher rates among the elderly, worldwide. [2] From 1964 through 2009, an average of 102 cases were reported annually (range 2-1,967).[3]
Age
St. Louis encephalitis is a rare disease that tends to affect patients >65 years of age, and <6 months of age. Patients of all age groups may develop St. Louis encephalitis. [2]
Race
There is no racial predilection to St. Louis encephalitis.[1]
Gender
St. Louis encephalitis affects men and women equally.[1]
Geographical Region
In temperate areas of the United States, St. Louis encephalitis disease cases primarily occur in late summer or early fall. In Southern states, where the climate is milder, cases may occur year round. Although the geographic range of the virus extends from Canada to Argentina, human cases have almost exclusively occurred in the United States. The majority of cases have occurred in Eastern and Central states, where episodic urban-centered outbreaks have recurred since the 1930s. The largest epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis ever recognized occurred in the United States in 1975, with nearly 2,000 cases reported, primarily from the Central states in the Ohio-Mississippi River Basin.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Saint Louis Encephalitis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009). https://www.cdc.gov/sle/technical/fact.html Accessed July 28, 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 St. Louis Encephalitis. http://www.gcmad.org/Documents/St_Louis_Encephalitis.pdf Accessed July 28, 2016.
- ↑ St. Louis Encephalitis -- California. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1998). http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000438.htm Accessed on July 28, 2016.
- ↑ Impact of the West Nile virus on the Natural History of St. Louis Encephalitis. (2008). http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1437&context=etd Accessed on July 28, 2016.