Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder natural history, complications and prognosis
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Charmaine Patel, M.D. [2]
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Differentiating Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder from other Diseases |
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Overview
If left untreated, children with ADHD may suffer poor grades, while working adults may face poor progress reports or possible termination. Untreated ADHD can also have negative social consequences, such as isolation from and difficulty communicating with friends and loved ones.[1]
Natural History
Symptoms of ADHD can appear as early as between the ages of 3 and 6 and can continue through adolescence and adulthood.[2] The average age of onset of ADHD is 7 years.[3]
Without treatment, the patient will likely continue exhibiting symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention, which can bear negative academic, professional, and social consequences. Adolescents with untreated ADHD have a higher incidence of drug use and law-breaking than healthy children.[1]
Complications
Prognosis
Around 70% of patients who are diagnosed with ADHD as children continue to experience severe symptoms throughout adolescence and sometimes into adulthood.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Briars, L., & Todd, T. (2016). A Review of Pharmacological Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT, 21(3), 192–206. http://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.3.192
- ↑ National Institute of Mental Health (NIH). (2016). "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."
- ↑ Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6):617-27.