Boil overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [2]
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Overview
Boil or furuncle is a skin disease caused by the inflammation of hair follicles, thus resulting in the localized accumulation of pus and dead tissue. Individual boils can cluster together and form an interconnected network of boils called carbuncles. In severe cases, boils may develop to form abscesses.
Historical Perspective
Classification
Boil (furuncle) may be classified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) based on anatomical location.[1]
Pathophysiology
Boil(furuncle) is a localized, deep, suppurative, necrotizing form of folliculitis which involves dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative agent. Following abrasion or cut the pathogen uses the entry site to invade and colonize the hair follicle leading to the formation of tender, red, perifollicular nodule. It later becomes painful and fluctuant terminating in the discharge of pus and necrotic plug which may leave a scar.[2]
Causes
Boils(furuncles) are generally caused by an infection of the hair follicles by Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis, a strain of bacterium that normally lives on the skin surface.
Differentiating Boil overview from Other Diseases
Boil(furuncle) must be differentiated from other common diseases that cause tender swelling or a reddened lump filled with pus such as cystic acne, hydradrenitis suppurativa and pilonidal cyst.[3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of boil(furuncle) include immunosupression, malnutrition, coexisting skin conditions and poor hygiene
Screening
Screening is not recommended for boil(furuncle).
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Gallery
Laboratory Findings
Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Prevention
References
- ↑ ICD-10 Diagnosis Codes Index. http://icdlist.com/icd-10/index/cutaneous-abscess-furuncle-and-carbuncle-l02 Accessed on August 4,2016
- ↑ Ibler KS, Kromann CB (2014). "Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review". Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 7: 59–64. doi:10.2147/CCID.S35302. PMC 3934592. PMID 24591845.
- ↑ Boil(furuncle)(2016).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boil Accessed on August 9, 2016.