Proctocolitis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Proctocolitis is a general term for inflammation of the rectum and colon. Common causes of proctocolitis include Chlamydia trachomatis, Lymphogranuloma Venereum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HSV, and Campylobacter species. The mainstay of therapy for proctocolitis is antimicrobial therapy. The preferred regimen is a combination of Ceftriaxone and Doxycycline.

Classification

There is no established classification system for proctocolitis. However, proctocolitis may be classified based on causality into

• Infectious
• Non-infectious
• Infectious proctocolitis may be viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoan, and atypical micro-organism.
• Non-infectious proctocolitis may be allergic (eosinophilic), vascular, autoimmune, drug-induced, radiation, chemical, and idiopathic.

Causes

Proctocolitis has many possible causes. Common infectious causes of proctocolitis include Chlamydia trachomatis, LGV (Lymphogranuloma Venereum), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HSV, and Campylobacter species. It can also be idiopathic (see colitis), vascular (as in ischemic colitis), or autoimmune (as in inflammatory bowel disease).

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Chlorpropamide
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Chlorpropamide

• Disease B

• Disease C

Treatment

Medical Therapy

• All patients with proctocolitis should be treated.
• Treatment of proctocolitis is similar to that of proctitis.
• Generally, the following regimen is recommended:

Preferred regimen: Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM AND Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid for 7 days

To view additional treatment and special considerations for the management of proctitis/proctocolitis, click here.

See also

• Colitis
• Proctitis