Aphthous ulcer pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]
Overview
The pathophysiology of Aphthous ulcers is not fully understood. It is though that reucurren
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
The exact pathogenesis of aphthous ulcer in not clear. Contributing factors include:
- Allergies
- Genetic predisposition
- Hormonal influences
- Hematologic abnormalities
- Immunologic factors
- Infectious agents
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Smoking cessation
- Stress
- Trauma
It is thought that aphthous ulcer is the result of the cross reactivity between Staphylococcus sanguis and 60kDa Heat shock protein (HSP60)
It is thought aphthous ulcer is a result of is caused by either , [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
Associated conditions
- Systemic disease
- Behcet disease
- Mouth and genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage (MAGIC) syndrome
- Crohn disease
- Ulcerative colitis
- Human immunodeficiency virus infection
- Periodic fever, aphthosis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) or Marshall syndrome
- Cyclic neutropenia
- Microbial
- Bacterial (streptococci)
- Viral (varicella zoster and cytomegalovirus)
- Genetics
- Ethnicity
- Human leukocyte antigen haplotypes (HLA B51)
- Allergic/Immunologic
- Local T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity
- Sodium lauryl sulfate sensitivity (in tooth paste)
- Abnormal CD4/CD8 ratio
- Microbe-induced hypersensitivity
- Food sensitivity
- Others
- Antioxidants
- Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Beta blockers
- Immunosuppressive drugs
- Stress
- Psychological imbalance