Bronchitis causes

Bronchitis Main page
Patient Information
Overview
Causes
Classification Acute bronchitis Chronic bronchitis
Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Acute bronchitis is a self-limited inflammation of the large airways of the lung that is characterized by cough with or without sputum that last several days or weeks (10 days). It is one of the commonest causes of outpatient admission worldwide. Virus are thought to be the commonest cause of acute bronchitis. Influenza A and B, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus are the commonest involved pathogens. Some atypical bacterias like mycoplasma, chlamydiae and bordetella pertussis are also found to cause acute bronchitis.

Causes

• Acute Bronchitis: may be caused by either viral, bacterial or environmental causes.

Viruses: Influenza Virus,parainfluenza virus,respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, rhinovirus, coxsackievirus, and human metapneumovirus.

Bacteries: Mycoplasma pneumoniae and,Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis.

Environmental causes: Toxic fume inhalation, tobacco, dust and aerosol may result in acute bronchitis.

• Chronic Bronchitis: caused by smoking,Air Pollutions,Occupational Exposures and Genetic factors

Common Causes

• Adenovirus
• Air pollution
• Bordetella pertussis
• Coal dust
• Coronavirus
• Influenza
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• Parainfluenza
• Respiratory syncytial virus
• Rhinovirus
• Tobacco smoking

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Heart disease
Chemical / poisoning	Acenaphthene, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, biphenyl, chlorine dioxide, ethyleneamine, hexamethylene diisocyanate, nitric acid, phosphine, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, selenium poisoning, silver, sulfuric acid, toluene diisocyanate, vanadium poisoning
Dermatologic	Yellow nail syndrome
Drug Side Effect	Albuterol, alferon N, alfuzosin, artemether and lumefantrin, belimumab, benazepril, budesonide, butorphanol, candesartan, captafol, cardura, cevimeline, ciclesonide, citalopram, clopidogrel, crofelemer, doxazosin, enalapril maleate, escitalopram, exemestane, febuxostat, felodipine, fingolimod, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, goserelin, ibandronate, infliximab, interferon, ipratropium, irbesartan, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate, itraconazole, lamotrigine, latanoprost, leflunomide, lumigan, methotrexate, metipranolol, metronidazole topical, minoxidil, moexipril, mycophenolate, mycophenolic acid, nateglinide, nitisinone, oseltamivir, oxcarbazepine, paroxetine, pentamidine isethionate, pirbuterol, pramipexole, repaglinide, risedronate, ropinirole, rosuvastatin, sertraline, sibutramine, simvastatin, tacrolimus, tamsulosin, tarka (medication), telmisartan, thalidomide, tiagabine, tobramycin, tolterodine, topiramate, trandolapril, travoprost, unoprostone, zanamivir
Ear Nose Throat	Pharyngitis, sinusitis
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Air pollution, aluminium lung, anthracosis, coal dust, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, farmer's lung, mesothelioma, pneumoconiosis, silicosis, smoking
Gastroenterologic	Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, cystic fibrosis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, inflammatory bowel disease
Genetic	Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, ataxia telangiectasia, cystic fibrosis, Gulf War syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Lung transplantation
Infectious Disease	Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), adenovirus, aspergillosis, bordetella pertussis, chickenpox, chlamydia pneumonia, common cold, coronavirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, encephalitozoon cuniculi infection, enterovirus, flu, group A streptococcal infection, HIV, influenza, measles, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumonia, orthomyxovirus, paragonimiasis, parainfluenza, paramyxovirus, pharyngitis, pneumococcus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, trichinellosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Prune belly syndrome
Neurologic	Ataxia telangiectasia, Gulf War syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic	Hypoglycemia
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Lung cancer, mesothelioma
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Marijuana abuse, nicotine addiction
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, aluminium lung, anthracosis, aspergillosis, asthma, blue and bloated syndrome, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, common cold, COPD, farmer's lung, flu, influenza, lung cancer, lung transplantation, mesothelioma, yellow nail syndrome
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Asthma, Felty's syndrome, Gulf War syndrome, IgG deficiency, Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency, MHC class I deficiency, primary immunodeficiency, Sjogren's syndrome
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	Prune belly syndrome
Miscellaneous	Tobacco smoking

Causes in Alphabetical Order

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.

3

Causes Based on Classification

Acute Bronchitis

• The cause of acute bronchitis depend on several factors, for instance season of the year (winter and fall), vaccination level, age and immune status of the patient
• Viruses are considered to be the commonest cause of acute bronchitis. The common virus involved are influenza A and B, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, adenovirus and rhinovirus.
• Human metapneumovirus is also found to cause bronchitis.
• Some atypical bacterias are also found to act as causative factors for bronchitis namely bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia pneumonia and mycoplasma pneumonia.

The following things can make bronchitis worse:

• Air pollution
• Allergens
• Certain occupations (such as coal mining, textile manufacturing, or grain handling)

Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition. People have a cough that produces excessive mucus. To be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, you must have a cough with mucus most days of the month for at least 3 months.

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources