Cholera natural history, complications, and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]
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Overview
Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.[1]
Natural history
Delayed initiation of rehydration therapy or inadequate rehydration may lead to hypotension and hypokalemia. If hypotension left untreated, it may lead to renal failure, shock, and death. If hypokalemia left untreated, it can lead to nephropathy and focal myocardial necrosis. Among the children, hypoglycemia is common and can lead to seizures.
Complications
Delayed initiation of rehydration and therapy leads to complications.
- Hypotension
- Shock
- Coma
- Renal failure
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Death
Prognosis
- If people with cholera are treated quickly and properly, the mortality rate is less than 1%. However, with untreated cholera, the mortality rate rises to 50–60%.[2][3]
- For certain genetic strains of cholera, such as the one present during the 2010 epidemic in Haiti and the 2004 outbreak in India, death can occur within two hours of the first sign of symptoms.[4]
References
- ↑ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 376&ndash, 7. ISBN 0838585299.
- ↑ Sack DA, Sack RB, Nair GB, Siddique AK (2004). "Cholera". Lancet. 363 (9404): 223–33. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15328-7. PMID 14738797. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Todar, Kenneth. "Vibrio cholerae and Asiatic Cholera". Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. Retrieved 2010-12-20.
- ↑ Presenter: Richard Knox (2010-12-10). "NPR News". NPR. Missing or empty
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