Diphtheria natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2] Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S [3]

Overview

Diphtheria is a vaccine preventable disease which can lead to severe complications like respiratory failure, myocarditis, polyneuropathies and death once the disease sets in.

Natural history

Complications

Complications that can develop as a result of diphtheria are:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Respiratory failure
Myocarditis
Polyneuropathies
- 10th cranial nerve disorder
- 9th cranial nerve disorder
- Peripheral motor neuropathy
Acute renal failure
Death

Prognosis

The overall case-fatality rate for diphtheria is 5%–10%, with higher death rates (up to 20%) among persons younger than 5 and older than 40 years of age. The case-fatality rate for diphtheria has changed very little during the last 50 years.

The disease can be prevented by vaccines. However, the prognosis is not good once the disease sets in.

References

↑ http://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/about/complications.html Accessed on October 7, 2016
↑ MORGAN BC (1963). "CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS OF DIPHTHERIA". Pediatrics. 32: 549–57. PMID 14069096.
↑ Anima H, Malay M, Santanu H, Rajashree R, Sita C, Baran SA (2008). "A study on determinants of occurrence of complications and fatality among diphtheria cases admitted to ID & BG Hospital of Kolkata". J Commun Dis. 40 (1): 53–8. PMID 19127670.
↑ Reidermann MI (1996). "[Cardiac complications in adult diphtheria: analysis of 212 cases]". Praxis (Bern 1994). 85 (51–52): 1647–51. PMID 9026877.
↑ Sanghi V (2014). "Neurologic manifestations of diphtheria and pertussis". Handb Clin Neurol. 121: 1355–9. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00092-4. PMID 24365424.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[CDCdiphtheria-1] ttp://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/about/complications.html Accessed on October 7, 2016

[pmid14069096-2] MORGAN BC (1963). "CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS OF DIPHTHERIA". Pediatrics. 32: 549–57. PMID 14069096.

[pmid19127670-3] Anima H, Malay M, Santanu H, Rajashree R, Sita C, Baran SA (2008). "A study on determinants of occurrence of complications and fatality among diphtheria cases admitted to ID & BG Hospital of Kolkata". J Commun Dis. 40 (1): 53–8. PMID 19127670.

[pmid9026877-4] Reidermann MI (1996). "[Cardiac complications in adult diphtheria: analysis of 212 cases]". Praxis (Bern 1994). 85 (51–52): 1647–51. PMID 9026877.

[pmid24365424-5] Sanghi V (2014). "Neurologic manifestations of diphtheria and pertussis". Handb Clin Neurol. 121: 1355–9. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-4088-7.00092-4. PMID 24365424.

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