Diphtheria differential diagnosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
Overview
Respiratory diphtheria must be differentiated from respiratory tract or other infections that present with fever, neck swelling, cough and/or pharyngeal exudates. On the other hand, Cutaneous diphtheria must be differentiated from other bacteria and fungi that cause skin ulceration.
Differentiating diphtheria from other diseases
Differentiating respiratory diphtheria from other diseases
A group of respiratory diseases can present with symptoms such as fever, sore throat, pharyngeal exudates and/or neck swelling, which may mimic diptheria infection. These include:[1]
- Infectious mononucleosis due to EBV
- Group A streptococci pharyngitis
- Epiglottitis due to Hemophilus influenza type b
- Viral pharyngitis due to influenza, HSV or adenovirus
- Vincent's angina
- Oral candidiasis
Differentiating cutaneous diphtheria from other diseases
Cutaneous diphtheria due to Corynebacterium diphtheria must be differentiated from other bacteria and fungi that present with a shallow ulcer on the skin:[2]
- Bacterial causes:
- Pyoderma due to Staphylococcus aureus or Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
- Cutaneous Anthrax due to Bacillus Anthracis
- Cutaneous mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium marinum or Mycobacterium ulcerans
- Fungal causes:
References
- ↑ Center for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/downloads/dip-cklist-diag.pdf Accessed on Oct. 7, 2016.
- ↑ Zeegelaar JE, Faber WR (2008). "Imported tropical infectious ulcers in travelers". Am J Clin Dermatol. 9 (4): 219–32. PMID 18572973.