Stroke
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Epidemiology
Stroke in USA
- Stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term disability
- In USA, the incidence and mortality rates of stroke has significantly decreased compared to previous years.
- From year 2003 to 2013, the mortality rates due to stroke declined by 18.5%.[1]
- In 2013, stroke became the fifth leading cause of death.
- The case fatality rate of stroke is estimated to be 41.7 deaths per 100, 000 population[1]
- The incidence of new (610, 000) or recurrent stroke (185, 000) is estimated to be 795000 people annually or 250 cases per 100, 000.[1]
- It is estimated that one incidence of stroke happens every 4 sec with death occuring every 4 min.[1]
- About 87% of all strokes are ischemic strokes[2]
- Stroke costs the United States an estimated $34 billion each year[2]
Worldwide
- According to WHO, the incidence of stroke is estimated to be 15 million people annually, worldwide.[3].
- Out of these, 5 million die and 5 million are left permanently disbaled.[3].
Demographics
Age
- Stroke can occur in all age groups. However, the incidence of stroke is less among individuals age less than 40 years of age and the risk increases with increasing age. [2]
- According to WHO, stroke also occurs in about 8% of children with sickle cell disease.[3].
- In 2009, 34% of people hospitalized for stroke were younger than 65 years[2]
- The incidence of stroke in people aged 18 to 50 years is estimated to be approximately 10%. [1]
The rate of decline in mortality rates of stroke in different age groups is as follows:[1]
- >65 years of age: from 534.1 to 245.2 per 100,000
- 45-65 years of age: from 43.5 to 20.2 per 100,000
- 18 to 44 years of age: from from 3.7 to 2.0 per 100,000
Gender
There is increased incidence of stroke in men as compared to women.
Race
- The risk of incidence of first stroke is twice in african american population as compared to whites with increased mortality rates.[2]
- Hispanics’ risk for stroke falls between that of whites and blacks [2]
Geographical distribution
There is increased incidence and mortality rates of stroke in developing countries as compared to developed countries due to low socio economic status and heath facilites. In USA, the highest death rates from stroke are in the southeastern United States.[2]
Synopsis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Writing Group Members. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ; et al. (2016). "Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association". Circulation. 133 (4): e38–360. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350. PMID 26673558.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm Accessed on November 3, 2016
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Mackay, Judith, et al. The atlas of heart disease and stroke. World Health Organization, 2004 Accessed on November 3 2016